Cryptography
Definition
Cryptography uses mathematical methods to support confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, or non-repudiation.
This includes symmetric and asymmetric encryption, hash functions, MACs, and digital signatures. Secure systems additionally require proper key management and protocol design.
Simply explained
Like digital locks, seals, and signatures for data.
Why it matters in practice
Fundamental for HTTPS, passkeys, signatures, KMS, and secure APIs.
Example from business
An API uses TLS for transport, signed tokens for claims, and separate secret management.
Limits and pitfalls
- Inventing own cryptographic methods; hardcoding keys; using outdated algorithms; confusing encryption with hashing.
Origin & history
Cryptography is an ancient discipline; modern public standards are maintained, among others, by NIST and IETF.
Use in mid-sized companies
- Possible application in SMEs: use standardized libraries and established protocols instead of own cryptographic designs.
Frequently asked questions
Is encryption the same as hashing?
No. Is a strong algorithm alone sufficient? No, key management and implementation are crucial.
Sources
- NIST Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines · NIST Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines
- cryptography · NIST, cryptography
- Abschnitte 4.1 und 5 · NIST SP 800-175B Rev. 1, Abschnitte 4.1 und 5
Source check: 10./11.10.2026.
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